Complete List of 121 Languages of India (Census of India 2011)

Source: Census of India 2011, Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner — "Paper 1 of 2018, Language: India, States and Union Territories (Table C-16)." Languages marked with * are the 22 Scheduled Languages under the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. The remaining 99 are Non-Scheduled Languages.

*Denotes one of the 22 Scheduled Languages under the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Beyond these 121 named languages, there is a residual "Total of Other Languages" category (1,875,542 speakers, 0.15% of India's population) covering mother tongues that individually returned fewer than 10,000 speakers at the all-India level.

BharatBhasha.org was created out of a simple fascination: India is home to one of the most linguistically diverse populations on the planet, yet reliable, easy-to-understand information about its languages is surprisingly hard to find in one place. Between outdated blog posts, conflicting statistics, and widespread myths — like the common misconception that Hindi is India's "national language" — we saw a need for a dedicated resource that gets the facts right and explains them clearly.

Our goal is straightforward: to be the most accurate, accessible, and well-organized source of information on the languages of India. This includes the official languages recognized under the Constitution, the 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule, the 11 classical languages with their rich literary histories, and the broader linguistic diversity that spans thousands of mother tongues and dialects across the country.

Every article on this site is researched using publicly available and authoritative sources, including the Census of India, the Constitution of India, and publications from the Ministry of Culture. We aim to present information in a way that is easy to read — using clear explanations, quick-reference tables, and answers to the questions people actually search for — while staying grounded in factual, verifiable data.

BharatBhasha.org is an independent educational project. We are not affiliated with, funded by, or representing any government body, political organization, or institution. Our only objective is to help students, researchers, writers, and the simply curious better understand India's incredible linguistic landscape.

India's languages carry centuries of history, culture, and identity. We hope this site helps you explore that richness with clarity and confidence — one language, one fact, at a time.